Abstract
The island of Hawai‘i is a tropical and isolated island with unique endemic species. Over time, Hawai‘i has become a breeding ground for invasive species, the common Coquí (Eleutherodactylus coqui Thomas, 1966) being one of them. These small ectotherms have intense vocalizations used for establishing territory and locating potential mates. On the island of Hawai‘i, the Coquí has become persistent across many islands. There have been acoustic studies done on the frogs in their native habitat, Puerto Rico, yet little is known about the possible differences in calls between these two geographically distant groups. According to past studies, climate change in Puerto Rico could cause the Coquí frogs to expand their ranges into higher, cooler altitudes with larger body sizes and lower pitch ranges. This phenomenon has yet to be studied in Hawai‘i. Through this study, I directionally recorded Eleutherodactylus coqui to obtain information on the peak frequency, body size, and altitude differences. All frogs were handled with proper permits from Cornell University.
References
Angilletta, M. J., Jr., Steury, T. D., & Sears, M. W. (2004). Temperature, Growth Rate, and Body Size in Ectotherms: Fitting Pieces of a Life-History Puzzle1. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 44(6), 498–509. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/44.6.498
Beusekom, A. E. V., González, G., & Rivera, M. M. (2015). Short-Term Precipitation and Temperature Trends along an Elevation Gradient in Northeastern Puerto Rico. https://doi.org/10.1175/EI-D-14-0023.1
Diaz, H. F., Giambelluca, T. W., & Eischeid, J. K. (2011). Changes in the vertical profiles of mean temperature and humidity in the Hawaiian Islands. Global and Planetary Change, 77, 21–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.02.007
Hatano, F. H., Rocha, C. F. D., & Sluys, M. V. (2002). Environmental Factors Affecting Calling Activity of a Tropical Diurnal Frog
(Hylodes phyllodes: Leptodactylidae). Journal of Herpetology, 36(2), 314–318. https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0314:EFACAO]2.0.CO;2
iNaturalist. (2024). iNaturalist. https://www.inaturalist.org
K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2024). RavenPro: Interactive Sound
Analysis Software (Version 1.6.5) [Computer software]. Ithaca, NY: The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Available from https://www.ravensoundsofware.com/.
Marchetti, J. R., Beard, K. H., Virgin, E. E., Lewis, E. L., Hess, S. C., Ki, K. C., Sermersheim, L. O., Furtado, A. P., & French, S. S. (2023). Invasive frogs show persistent physiological differences to elevation and acclimate to colder temperatures.
Journal of Thermal Biology, 114, 103590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103590
Narins, P. M., & Capranica, R. R. (1978). Communicative significance of the two-note call of the treefrog Eleutherodactylus coqui. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 127(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00611921
Narins, P. M., & Meenderink, S. W. F. (2014). Climate change and frog calls: Long-term correlations along a tropical altitudinal gradient. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281(1783), 20140401. https://doi.
org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0401
O’Neill, E. M., & Beard, K. H. (2011). Clinal Variation in Calls of Native and Introduced Populations of Eleutherodactylus coqui. Copeia, 2011(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-10-012
Percino-Daniel, R., Contreras López, J. M., Téllez-Valdés, O., Méndez de la Cruz, F. R., Gonzalez-Voyer, A., & Piñero, D.
(2021). Environmental heterogeneity shapes physiological traits in tropical direct-developing frogs. Ecology and Evolution, 11(11), 6688–6702. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7521
Thompson, H. (n.d.). Chirps of Coqui Frogs May Be Getting Shorter and Higher Pitched As Climate Warms. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved May 3, 2025, from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/chirpscoqui-frogs-shorter-higher-pitched-climatewarms-180950459/

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kay (Akaysha) Williams
